Data use in service delivery points in the health ecosystem in Ethiopia is low. Thus, to enhance service delivery in the health sector, the Federal Government of Ethiopia enacted an ambitious 5-year initiative in 2015 to transform the health sector, including the health information systems (HSTP). The key objectives of this study were to: Understand the context and environment in which data is used for decision-making in Ethiopia’s health sector at subnational level, and to identify the underlying behavioral factors driving use of data and demand for data. Data were collected through 83 in-depth interviews (IDIs) in Addis Ababa, Oromia, and Somali regions with various cadres of staff in the health sector.